Well StudiedLongevityImmune

Thymosin Alpha 1

Ta1

Synthetic Thymic Hormone | Immune System Modulator

Half-life

~2 hours

Chain length

28 amino acids

Reference frequency

2x weekly (e.g., Monday and Thursday) for standard immune support

Research overview

DoseGear research brief

Thymosin Alpha 1 is a synthetic 28-amino acid peptide identical to naturally occurring thymic hormone, studied in 11,000+ patients across 30+ clinical trials with less than 1% serious adverse events. Approved in 35+ countries for immune modulation.

Mechanism of action

Activates TLR pathways, enhances T-cell maturation, stimulates NK cells, and modulates dendritic cell function via systemic circulation. Injectable route achieves 90-95% bioavailability with 2-hour peak time.

Compound background

Development & research timeline

Study windows describe what researchers measured, not when an individual should expect a result.

Origin & development

Synthetic version of an endogenous thymic peptide.

What it is researched for

Immune modulation, infection, and sepsis research involving innate/adaptive immune signaling and antigen-presenting cells.

Research observation window

The source reports a sepsis trial’s 28-day mortality endpoint with no significant benefit: 23.4% versus 24.1%.

Reference data

Lyophilized vial injectable protocols

Not personalized dosing instructions

Only injectable vial references are shown. Nasal, topical, and unsupported non-vial schedules are excluded.

Research context	Amount	Frequency	Route
Standard immune support	1.6mg	2x weekly	SubQ
Acute conditions (sepsis)	1.6mg	2x daily for 5 days, then daily	SubQ/IM
Cancer/hepatitis support	1.6mg	2x weekly	SubQ
Maintenance/prevention	1.6mg	2x weekly	SubQ

Reference cycle

6 months continuous for therapeutic protocols

Reference storage

Use immediately after reconstitution or refrigerate up to 2 hours

Safety context

Reported side effects

Mild injection site reactions (<10% incidence)
Generally well-tolerated with exceptional safety record

Contraindications & cautions

Organ transplant recipients (risk of graft rejection)
Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Scientific references

01
Thymosin Alpha 1 Reduces the Mortality of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Restoration of Lymphocytopenia and Reversion of Exhausted T Cells
Scientific citationThymosin Alpha 1 Reduces the Mortality of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Restoration of Lymphocytopenia and Reversion of Exhausted T Cells. Clinical Infectious Diseases (2020).
02
The Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin Alpha 1 for Sepsis (TESTS): Multicentre, Double-Blinded, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial
Scientific citationThe Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin Alpha 1 for Sepsis (TESTS): Multicentre, Double-Blinded, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial. BMJ (2025).
03
Thymosin Alpha 1: A Historical Overview
Scientific citationThymosin Alpha 1: A Historical Overview. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2007).
04
Comprehensive Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 in Human Clinical Trials
Scientific citationComprehensive Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 in Human Clinical Trials. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety (2024).

This DoseGear profile combines published scientific literature with lyophilized-vial protocol references. Citations are provided for independent review.

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Longevity