Well StudiedLongevityMetabolic

SS-31

Elamipretide

Mitochondrial-Targeted Peptide | Cardiolipin Protector

Half-life

~2 hours

Chain length

4 amino acids

Reference frequency

Once daily (morning or pre-workout for athletic use)

Research overview

DoseGear research brief

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain function for enhanced cellular energy production.

Mechanism of action

Selectively binds to cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain function. This improves ATP production and reduces oxidative damage at the mitochondrial level.

Compound background

Development & research timeline

Study windows describe what researchers measured, not when an individual should expect a result.

Origin & development

Synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide, also called elamipretide.

What it is researched for

Mitochondrial disease and dysfunction research involving cardiolipin-associated inner-mitochondrial-membrane effects.

Research observation window

A human study assessed five days; Barth-syndrome primary endpoints were not met at 12 weeks, with uncontrolled extension observations to 168 weeks.

Reference data

Lyophilized vial injectable protocols

Not personalized dosing instructions

Only injectable vial references are shown. Nasal, topical, and unsupported non-vial schedules are excluded.

Research context	Amount	Frequency	Route
General mitochondrial support	5-10mg	Once daily	SubQ
Athletic performance	10-20mg	Once daily pre-workout	SubQ
Clinical protocols	40mg	Once daily	SubQ or IV
Acute cardioprotection	0.25mg/kg/hr	Continuous infusion	IV

Reference cycle

4-12 weeks for therapeutic protocols

Reference storage

Reconstituted: 2-8°C in amber/dark vials, use within 30 days; Light sensitive

Safety context

Reported side effects

Excellent safety profile in clinical trials
No significant side effects reported at therapeutic doses
Mild injection site reactions possible
Safe for long-term use based on current data

Contraindications & cautions

Known hypersensitivity to peptides
Pregnancy or breastfeeding (limited data)

Scientific references

01
Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial of Elamipretide in Adults with Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy (MMPOWER)
Scientific citationRandomized Dose-Escalation Trial of Elamipretide in Adults with Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy (MMPOWER). Neurology (2018).
02
Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide in Heart Failure Treatment (EMBRACE)
Scientific citationNovel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide in Heart Failure Treatment (EMBRACE). Circulation: Heart Failure (2017).
03
Improving Mitochondrial Function with SS-31 Reverses Age-Related Redox Stress and Improves Exercise Tolerance in Aged Mice
Scientific citationImproving Mitochondrial Function with SS-31 Reverses Age-Related Redox Stress and Improves Exercise Tolerance in Aged Mice. Free Radical Biology and Medicine (2019).
04
TAZPOWER: Phase 2/3 Randomized Clinical Trial of Elamipretide in Barth Syndrome
Scientific citationTAZPOWER: Phase 2/3 Randomized Clinical Trial of Elamipretide in Barth Syndrome. Genetics in Medicine (2021).

This DoseGear profile combines published scientific literature with lyophilized-vial protocol references. Citations are provided for independent review.

Related research profiles

Longevity