Extensively StudiedLongevityImmune

Glutathione

GSH

L-Glutathione | Master Antioxidant Tripeptide

Half-life

~10-14 minutes (IV)

Chain length

3 amino acids

Reference frequency

2-3 times weekly for subcutaneous; weekly for IV infusions

Research overview

DoseGear research brief

Glutathione is the body's master antioxidant, a tripeptide produced naturally by the liver. It protects cells against free radicals, peroxides, and heavy metals while eliminating toxins including drugs and pollutants. Research supports benefits for neurological health, immune function, skin health, and anti-aging.

Mechanism of action

Glutathione acts as the primary intracellular antioxidant, directly neutralizing reactive oxygen species and regenerating other antioxidants like vitamins C and E. It plays crucial roles in detoxification by conjugating with toxins for elimination, supports immune function through T-cell regulation, protects mitochondria, and maintains cellular redox balance. The thiol group of cysteine provides its antioxidant activity.

Compound background

Development & research timeline

Study windows describe what researchers measured, not when an individual should expect a result.

Origin & development

Endogenous glutamate–cysteine–glycine tripeptide.

What it is researched for

Redox biology and IV neurological research involving redox buffering and glutathione-dependent detoxification reactions.

Research observation window

A Parkinson’s IV pilot studied four weeks of treatment; this does not establish symptomatic efficacy or an onset guarantee.

Reference data

Lyophilized vial injectable protocols

Not personalized dosing instructions

Only injectable vial references are shown. Nasal, topical, and unsupported non-vial schedules are excluded.

Research context	Amount	Frequency	Route
General wellness	100-200 mg	2-3x weekly	SubQ
Intensive therapy	200-600 mg	2-3x weekly	SubQ or IV
Detoxification	600-1000 mg	Weekly IV	IV (clinical)
Parkinson's support	1400 mg	2-3x weekly	IV (clinical)

Reference cycle

8-12 weeks

Reference storage

Lyophilized: 2-8°C refrigerated, protect from light; Reconstituted: 2-8°C refrigerated, protect from light

Safety context

Reported side effects

Injection site reactions
Mild nausea (usually with higher doses)
Abdominal cramping

Contraindications & cautions

Known allergy to glutathione
Pregnancy or breastfeeding (insufficient safety data)
Asthma (may trigger bronchospasm in some)

Scientific references

01
Randomized, double-blind, pilot evaluation of intravenous glutathione in Parkinson's disease
Scientific citationRandomized, double-blind, pilot evaluation of intravenous glutathione in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders (2009).
02
Liposomal Glutathione Supplementation Restores TH1 Cytokine Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Infected Individuals
Scientific citationLiposomal Glutathione Supplementation Restores TH1 Cytokine Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Infected Individuals. Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research (2015).
03
Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Glutathione Supplementation for Skin Lightening: A Narrative Review
Scientific citationExploring the Safety and Efficacy of Glutathione Supplementation for Skin Lightening: A Narrative Review. Cureus (2025).
04
Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health
Scientific citationGlutathione metabolism and its implications for health. Journal of Nutrition (2004).

This DoseGear profile combines published scientific literature with lyophilized-vial protocol references. Citations are provided for independent review.

Related research profiles

Longevity